Identity of wasp parasitoids (Hymenoptera) attacking Pieris brassicae (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) in South Africa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17159/2254-8854/2022/a11738Keywords:
Alien species, biocontrol, Braconidae, Cotesia glomerata, invasive species, parasitoid wasps, Pteromalidae, Pteromalus puparum, taxonomyAbstract
The alien invasive large cabbage white, Pieris brassicae (Linnaeus, 1758) (Pieridae), although introduced into South Africa more than 27 years ago, has not dramatically expanded its distribution, possibly because it is effectively attacked by two parasitoid wasp species. Even though there is a cohort of parasitoid species associated with P. brassicae in the Northern Hemisphere, these are the only two recorded parasitoids in South Africa. We determine these parasitoid wasps as Cotesia glomerata (Linnaeus, 1758) (Braconidae: Microgastrinae) and Pteromalus puparum (Linnaeus, 1758) (Pteromalidae), and provide high resolution images and DNA barcodes to facilitate their recognition. This is the first record of C. glomerata from the Afrotropical region.
Downloads
References
Askew RR, Shaw MR. 1997. Pteromalus apum (Retzius) and other pteromalid (Hym.) primary parasitoids of butterfly pupae in western Europe, with a key. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 133: 67–72.
Baur H. 2015. Pushing the limits – two new species of Pteromalus (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Pteromalidae) from Central Europe with remarkable morphology. ZooKeys 514: 43–72. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.514.9910 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.514.9910
Benyamini D. 1996. Pupal summer diapause in Chilean Pieris brassicae (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera, Pieridae). Nota lepidopterologica 18 (3): 184–192.
Brown K, Phillips CB, Broome K, Green C, Toft R, Walker G. 2019. Feasibility of eradicating the large white butterfly (Pieris brassicae) from New Zealand: data gathering to inform decisions about the feasibility of eradication. In: C.R. Veitch, M.N. Clout, A.R. Martin, J.C. Russell and C.J. West (eds.) Island invasives: scaling up to meet the challenge. 364–369. International Union for the Conservation of Nature, Gland, Switzerland.
Cameron PJ, Hill RL, Bain J, Thomas WP. 1989. A review of biological control of invertebrate pests and weeds in New Zealand 1874 to 1987. Technical Communication 10. CAB International, Wallingford, Oxon. 424 p.
Claassens AJM. 1995. Observations on the large white, Pieris brassicae (L.) (Lepidoptera, Pieridae), a butterfly which recently established itself in the Western Cape. Metamorphosis 6(2): 86–93.
Claassens AJM. 1996. Further observations on Pieris brassicae (L) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) in the Western Cape Province. Metamorphosis 7(2): 88–90.
Claassens AJM. 1998. A new parasitoid and host-plant of the larvae of Pieris brassicae (L) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) in the Western Cape, South Africa. Metamorphosis 9(4): 184–185.
Claassens AJM. 2014. The Cabbage White: exploring our biodiversity. Veld & Flora 100: 36.
Duplouy A, Nair A, Nyman T, Van Nouhuys S. 2021. Long-term spatiotemporal genetic structure of an accidental parasitoid introduction, and local changes in prevalence of its associated Wolbachia symbiont. Molecular Ecology, 30: 4368–4380. https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.16065 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.16065
Fernandez-Triana J, Shaw MR, Boudreault C, Beaudin M, Broad GR.2020. Annotated and illustrated world checklist of Microgastrinae parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera, Braconidae). ZooKeys 920: 1–1089. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.920.39128 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.920.39128.figure10
Gardiner BOC. 1974. Pieris brassicae L. established in Chile; another palaearctic pest crosses the Atlantic (Pieridae). Journal of the Lepidopterist’s Society 28: 269–277.
Gardiner BOC. 1995. The large cabbage white, Pieris brassicae, extends its range to South Africa. Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 107: 174.
Geerts S, Rossenrode T, Irlich U, Visser V. 2017 Emerging ornamental plant invaders in urban areas—Centranthus ruber in Cape Town, South Africa as a case study. Invasive Plant Science and Management 10: 322–331. https://doi.org/10.1017/inp.2017.35 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/inp.2017.35
Geertsema H. 1996. The large cabbage white, Pieris brassicae, an exotic butterfly of potential threat to cabbage growers in the Western Cape, South Africa. Journal of the Southern African Society for Horticultural Sciences 6 (1): 31–34.
Graham MWR. De V. 1969. The Pteromalidae of North-Western Europe (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology, Supplement 16: 1–909. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/p.258046
Gravenhorst JLC. 1829. Ichneumonologia Europaea. Pars II. Vratislaviae. 989 pp. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.65750
Greathead DJ, Greathead AH. 1992. Biological control of insect pests by insect parasitoids and predators: the BIOCAT database. Biocontrol News and Information 13(4): 61–68.
Haliday AH.1834. Essay on parasitic Hymenoptera. Entomological Magazine 2(iii): 225–259.
Harvey JA, Jervis MA, Gols R, Jiang N, Vet LEM. 1999. Development of the parasitoid, Cotesia rubecula (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in Pieris rapae and Pieris brassicae (Lepidoptera: Pieridae): evidence for host regulation. Journal of Insect Physiology 45(2): 173–182. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-1910(98)00113-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1910(98)00113-9
Held C, Spieth HR. 1999. First evidence of pupal summer diapause in Pieris brassicae L.: the evolution of local adaptedness. Journal of Insect Physiology 45(6): 587–598. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1910(99)00042-6
iNaturalist 2021. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations?taxon_id=55401 (accessed 12 July 2021).
Ivanova NV, Dewaard JR, Hebert PD. 2006. An inexpensive, automation‐friendly protocol for recovering high‐quality DNA. Molecular Ecology Notes 6(4): 998–1002. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-8286.2006.01428.x
Janion-Scheepers C, Griffiths CL. 2020. Alien terrestrial invertebrates in South Africa. In: van Wilgen B, Measey J, Richardson DM, Wilson JR, Zengeya TA, editors. Biological invasions in South Africa. 185-205. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32394-3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32394-3_7
Karnavar G. 1983. Studies on the population control of Pieris brassicae L. by Apanteles glomeratus L. Insect Science and Its Application 4(4): 397–399. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1742758400002460 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1742758400002460
Klimmek F, Baur H. 2018 An interactive key to Central European species of the Pteromalus albipennis species group and other species of the genus (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae), with the description of a new species. Biodiversity Data Journal 6: e27722. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.6.e27722 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.6.e27722.figure4b
Le Roux JJ, Clusella-Trullas S, Mokotjomela TM, Mairal M, Richardson DM, Skein L, Wilson JR, Weyl OL, Geerts S. 2020. Biotic interactions as mediators of biological invasions: insights from South Africa. In: van Wilgen B, Measey J, Richardson DM, Wilson JR, Zengeya TA, editors. Biological Invasions in South Africa. 387–427. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32394-3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32394-3_14
Linnaeus, C. Von. 1758. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Laurnetii Salvii, Holmiae. 824 pp. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.542
Marshall TA. 1885. Monograph of British Braconidae. Part I. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1885: 1–280.
Miller, J. 1759. Engravings of insects, with descriptions. London. 10 plates.
Neira CM, Ruff FJ, Mundaca BN. 1989. Natural enemies of Pieris brassicae L. (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) from cultivated crucifers in Valdivia. Agro-Ciencia 5(2): 5–10.
Noyes JS. 2019. Universal Chalcidoidea Database. World Wide Web electronic publication. http://www.nhm.ac.uk/chalcidoids.
Peters G. 1991. Occurrence of indigenous parasitoids of the important cabbage pests in the Cologne-Bonn production region. Zeitschrift für Angewandte Zoologie 78(1): 91–99.
Phillips CB, Brown K, Green C, Walker G, Broome K, Toft R, Vander Lee B, Shepherd M, Bayly S, Rees J. 2014. Pieris brassicae (great white butterfly) eradication annual report 2013/14. Unpublished report, Department of Conservation, Wellington.
Picker M, Griffiths C. 2011. Alien and invasive animals: A South African perspective. Struik Nature, Cape Town.
Picker M, Griffiths C. 2017. Alien animals in South Africa – composition, introduction history, origins and distribution patterns. Bothalia 47: a2147. https://doi.org/10.4102/abc.v47i2.2147 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4102/abc.v47i2.2147
Prinsloo GL, Uys VM. 2015. Insects of cultivated plants and natural pastures in Southern Africa. Entomological Society of Southern Africa, Hatfield.
Ratnasingham S, Hebert PDN. 2007. BOLD: The Barcode of Life Data System (http://www. barcodinglife. org). Molecular ecology notes 7(3): 355–364. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-8286.2007.01678.x
Ratnasingham S, Hebert PDN. 2013. A DNA-based registry for all animal species: The Barcode Index Number (BIN) System. PLoS ONE 8(7): e66213. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0066213 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0066213
Razmi M, Karimpour Y, Safaralizadeh MH, Safavi SA. 2011. Parasitoid complex of cabbage large white butterfly Pieris brassicae (L.) (Lepidoptera, Pieridae) in Urmia with new records from Iran. Journal of Plant Protection Research 51 (3): 248–251. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/v10045-011-0041-9
Robinson, T., Ivey, P., Powrie, L., Winter, P., Wong, L.J. & Pagad, S. 2020. Global register of introduced and invasive species - South Africa. Version 2.5. Invasive Species Specialist Group ISSG. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/l6smob accessed via GBIF.org on 2020-09-13.
Shahram M, Debjani D. 2013. Taxonomic notes on common natural enemies of Pieris brassicae Linnaeus (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) belonging to hymenoptera. Annals of Entomology 31(1): 35–45.
Shaw MR. 1982. Parasitic Control, Section A: General information: Biology of some effective parasites. In: Feltwell, J. (ed) Large white butterfly; the biology, biochemistry and physiology of Pieris brassicae (Linnaeus) (Series Entomologica 18). 401–407. W. Junk, The Hague.
Shaw MR. 1994. Parasitoid host ranges. In: Hawkins, B.A. & Sheehan, W. (eds) Parasitoid community ecology. 111–144. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Shaw MR. 2002. Experimental confirmation that Pteromalus apum (Retzius) (Hym., Pteromalidae) parasitizes both leaf-cutter bees (Hym., Megachilidae) and Fritillary butterflies (Lep., Nymphalidae). Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 138: 37–41.
Shaw MR, Fitton MG. 1989. Survey of parasitoids of British butterflies. Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 101: 69–71.
Shaw MR, Huddleston T. 1991. Classification and biology of Braconid wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects 7(11): 1–126.
Shaw MR, Stefanescu C, Van Nouhuys S. 2009. Parasitoids of European butterflies. In: Settele J.; Shreeve, T.; Konvicka, M.; van Dyck H. (eds.) Ecology of Butterflies in Europe. 130–156. Cambridge University Press.
Shaw MR, Horstmann K, Whiffin AL. 2016. Two hundred and twenty-five species of reared western Palaearctic Campopleginae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) in the National Museums of Scotland, with descriptions of new species of Campoplex and Diadegma, and records of fifty-five species new to Britain. Entomologist’s Gazette 67(3): 177–222.
Steele B. 1998. More observations and thoughts on Pieris brassicae and its invasion of South Africa. Metamorphosis 9(3): 128–130.
Van Noort S. 1996. Cabbage White invades southwestern Cape. Africa – Environment & Wildlife, 4(1): 13.
Yu DS, Van Achterberg C, Horstmann K. 2016. Taxapad 2016. Ichneumonoidea 2015 (Biological and taxonomical information), Taxapad Interactive Catalogue Database on flash-drive. Nepean, Ottawa, Canada.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Simon van Noort, Jose Fernandez-Triana, Hannes Baur, Mark R Shaw
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Funding data
-
National Research Foundation
Grant numbers GUN 2068865;GUN 61497;GUN 79004;GUN 79211;GUN 81139;GUN 98115
.png){kind=spacer}