Occurrence of the potato leaf miner, Liriomyza huidobrensis (Diptera: Agromyzidae), and parasitoids in potato fields and natural vegetation of the Western Cape province, South Africa

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17159/2254-8854/2023/a10672

Abstract

The leaf miner, Liriomyza huidobrensis (Diptera: Agromyzidae) is a polyphagous fly, which infests a wide range of vegetables and ornamental plants. However, scant knowledge exists of the biology and ecology of the pest in the Western Cape province of South Africa, both of which are essential components in developing an effective management programme. Several aspects of its biology and ecology were studied in two potato [Solanum tuberosum L. (Solanales: Solanaceae)] fields in the Sandveld region during both winter and summer months. The population densities of adult L. huidobrensis were monitored using yellow sticky traps, which were retrieved and counted once every two weeks (June 2019 to January 2020). The number of leaf miner adults caught throughout the summer and winter monitoring periods was significantly different. In addition, 50 randomly selected plants were assessed for leaf damage (in the form of punctures and mines) using presence/absence sampling. Leaf miner persistence within the soil was confirmed through one-time soil sampling of the two fields, one month after harvesting. Leaf miner pupae were detected in the soil samples after the potatoes were harvested. However, no adult emergence was recorded among the collected pupae under laboratory conditions. The observed trend was that the traps, in both fields, caught an increasing number of leaf miners as the crops matured. Damage occurred in both the monitored fields as early as week four, after plant emergence. Of the five parasitoid species collected, Diglyphus isaea (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) was the most abundant. 

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

  • Diedrich Visser , Agricultural Research Council, ARC-VIMP, Pretoria, South Africa

    Diedrich Visser is an applied entomologist specialising in the ecology and control of vegetable pests

  • Antoinette Malan, Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
    • Antoinette Paula Malan does research in the use of entomopathogenic nematodes and fungi as biological control agents of insects, in an integrated pest management system.
  • Pia Addison, Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa

    Pia Addison works in the field of Integrated Pest Management of fruit and vegetable crops, with a focus on basic ecology and taxonomy

References

Ayabe Y. 2010. Specific mining pattern as a result of selective feeding within a leaf by the dipteran leafminer Ophiomyia maura (Diptera: Agromyzidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 103: 806–812. https://doi.org/10.1603/AN10049

CABI (Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International). 2019. Database: Invasive species compendium: Liriomyza huidobrensis (serpentine leafminer). https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/30956

Caldiz D, Lutaladio N, Ortiz O, Haverkort A. 2009. Sustainable potato production: Guidelines for developing countries. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. http://www.fao.org/3/a-i1127e.pdf

Chabi-Olaye A., Mujica N, Löhr B, Kroschel J. 2008. Role of agroecosystems in the abundance and diversity of Liriomyza leaf mining flies and their natural enemies. In: Abstracts of the XXIII International Congress of Entomology, 6–12 July 2008, Durban, South Africa, pp. 1–15. https://repository.up.ac.za/bitstream/handle/2263/58461/Musundire_Host_2012.pdf?sequence=3 (accessed 26 February 2021).

Chen B, Kang L. 2004. Variation in cold hardiness of Liriomyza huidobrensis (Diptera: Agromyzidae) along latitudinal gradients. Environmental Entomology 33: 155–164. https://doi.org/10.1603/0046-225X-33.2.155

Chen XX, Lang FY, Xu ZH, He JH, Ma Y. 2003. The occurrence of leaf miners and their parasitoids on vegetables and weeds in Hangzhou area, Southeast China. BioControl 48: 515–527. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1025726813462

Chiluwal KN, Thapa RB, Shrestha SM, Sporleder M. 2012. Field loss assessment of potato leaf miner fly (PLMF), Liriomyza huidobrensis (Blanchard) (Diptera: Agromyzidae). Proceedings of the 4th Sustainable Agricultural Systems-Nepal Convention 4: 6.

Civelek HS, Yoldaş Z, Weintraub P. 2002. The parasitoid complex of Liriomyza huidobrensis in cucumber greenhouses in Izmir province, Western Turkey. Phytoparasitica 30: 285–287. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03039996

Connor EF, Taverner MP. 1997. The evolution and adaptive significance of the leaf-mining habit. Oikos 79: 6–25. http://doi.org/10.2307/3546085

Cornell HV. 1989. Endophage-ectophage ratios and plant defence. Evolutionary Ecology 3: 64–76. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02147932

Cusumano A, Harvey JA, Bourne ME, Poelman EH, De Boer JG. 2020. Exploiting chemical ecology to manage hyperparasitoids in biological control of arthropod pests. Pest Management Science 76: 432–443. https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.5679

DAFF (Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries). 2012. A Profile of the South African Potato Market Value Chain. https://www.nda.agric.za/docs/amcp/potato2012.pdf

Deadman M, Khan I, Thacker J, Habsi KA. 2000. Interaction between leaf miner damage and leaf necrosis caused by Alternaria alternata, on potato in the Sultanate of Oman. Plant Pathology Journal 18: 210–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.5423/PPJ.2002.18.4.210

Dharmadhikari PR, Perera, PACR, Hassen TMF. 1977. A short account of the biological control of Promecotheca cumingi [Coleoptera: Hispidae] the coconut leaf miner, in Sri Lanka. Entomophaga 22: 3–18. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02372985

Duan JJ, Jennings DE, Williams DC, Larson KM. 2014. Patterns of parasitoid host utilization and development across a range of temperatures: implications for biological control of an invasive forest pest. BioControl 59: 659–669. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10526-014-9604-9

El-Wakeil N, Gaafar N, Sallam A, Volkmar C. 2013. Side effects of insecticides on natural enemies and possibility of integration in plant protection strategies. In: Trdan, S. (Ed.) Insecticides: Development of Safer and More Effective Technologies. 2–56. Janeza Trdine, Rijeka. https://doi.org/10.5772/3356

Eyre MD, Rushton SP, Luff, ML, Telfer MG. 2005. Investigating the relationships between the distribution of British ground beetle species (Coleoptera, Carabidae) and temperature, precipitation, and altitude. Journal of Biogeography 32: 973–983. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01258.x

Facknath S. 2005. Leaf age and life history variables of a leafminer: The case of Liriomyza trifolii on potato leaves. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 115: 79–87. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1570-7458.2005.00286.x

Fenoglio MS, Salvo A. 2009. Liriomyza commelinae (Diptera: Agromyzidae): An alternative host for parasitoids of the leaf miner pest Liriomyza huidobrensis. International Journal of Pest Management 55(4): 299–305. https://doi.org/10.1080/09670870902890561

Fenoglio MS, Srivastava DS, Valladares G, Cagnolo L, Salvo A. 2012. Forest fragmentation reduces parasitism via species loss at multiple trophic levels. Ecology 93: 2407–2420. https://doi.org//10.2307/41739312

Folmer O, Black M, Hoeh W, Lutz R, Vrijenhoek R. 1994. DNA primers for amplification of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I from diverse metazoan invertebrates. Molecular Marine Biology and Biotechnology 3: 294–299.

García-Marí F, Vercher R, Costa-Comelles J, Marzal C, Villalba M. 2004. Establishment of Citrostichus phyllocnistoides (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) as a biological control agent for the citrus leaf miner Phyllocnistis citrella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) in Spain. Biological Control 29: 215–226. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1049-9644(03)00155-5

Girardoz S, Kenis M, Quicke DLJ. 2006. Recruitment of native parasitoids by an exotic leaf miner, Cameraria ohridella: host-parasitoid synchronization and influence of the environment. Agricultural and Forest Entomology 8: 49–56. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-9555.2006.00281.x

Grabenweger G, Kehrli P, Zweimuller I, Augustin S, Avtzis N, et al. 2010. Temporal and spatial variations in the parasitoid complex of the horse chestnut leaf miner during its invasion of Europe. Biological Invasions 12(8): 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-009-9685-z

Hawkins BA, Cornell HV, Hochberg ME, 1997. Predators, parasitoids, and pathogens as mortality agents in phytophagous insect populations. Ecology 78: 2145–2152. https://doi.org/10.2307/2265951

Hering, E.M. 1951. The Biology of the Leaf Miners. Junk, Gravenhage, Netherlands. 420 pp.

Hill MP, Bertelsmeier C, Clusella-Trullas S, Garnas JR, Robertson MP, Terblanche, JS. 2016. Predicted decrease in global climate suitability masks regional complexity of invasive fruit fly species response to climate change. Biological Invasions 18: 1105–1119. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-016-1078-5

Hodkinson, I.D. 2005. Terrestrial insects along elevation gradients: species and community responses to altitude. Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 80: 489–513. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1464793105006767

Johnson MW, Hara AH. 1987. Influence of host crop on parasitoids (Hymenoptera) of Liriomyza spp. (Diptera: Agromyzidae). Environmental Entomology 16: 339–344. https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/16.2.339

Johnson SN, Mayhew PJ, Douglas AE, Hartley SE. 2002. Insects as leaf engineers: can leaf miners alter leaf structure for birch aphids? Functional Ecology 16: 575–584. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2435.2002.00654.x

Kalaitzaki AP, Lykouressis DP, Perdikis DC, Alexandrakis VZ. 2014. Effect of temperature on development and survival of the parasitoid Pnigalio pectinicornis (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) reared on Phyllocnistis citrella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), Environmental Entomology 36: 497–505. https://doi.org/10.1603/0046-225X(2007)36[497:EOTODA]2.0.CO;2

Klok CJ, Chown SL, Gaston KJ. 2003. The geographical range structure of the holly leaf miner. III. Cold hardiness physiology. Functional Ecology 17: 858–868. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2003.00794.x

Kruidhof HM, Kostenko O, Smid HM, Vet LE. 2019. Integrating parasitoid olfactory conditioning in augmentative biological control: potential impact, possibilities, and challenges. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 7: 84. https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2019.00084

Liu T, Kang L, Heinz K, Trumble J. 2009. Biological control of Liriomyza leafminers: progress and perspective. Perspectives in Agriculture, Veterinary Science, Nutrition and Natural Resources 4: 1–16. http://doi.org/10.1079/PAVSNNR20094004

Lomolino MV. 2001. Elevation gradients of species‐density: historical and prospective views. Global Ecology and Biogeography 10: 3–13. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1466-822x.2001.00229.x

López R, Carmona D, Vincini AM, Monterubbianesi G, Caldiz D. 2010. Population dynamic and damage caused by the leaf miner Liriomyza huidobrensis (Blanchard: Agromyzidae), on seven potato processing varieties grown in temperate environment. Neotropical Entomology 39: 108–114. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1519-566X2010000100015

Maharjan R, Jung C. 2016. Thermal requirements and development of the Korean population of the potato leaf miner, Liriomyza huidobrensis (Diptera: Agromyzidae). Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology 19: 595–601.

Mujica N, Cisneros F. 1997. The leaf miner fly in potato: plant reaction and natural enemies as natural mortality factors. In: International Potato Centre Program Report 1997–98. 129–140. CIP, Lima.

Mujica N, Fonseca C, Suárez F, Fabian F, Marchena M, Cisneros M. 2000. Reducción del uso de insecticidas en el control de la mosca minadora Liriomyza huidobrensis Blanchard, por medio del uso de técnicas etológicas. In: Taller de Planificación, Implementación, Monitoreo y Evaluación de Programas de MIP en el Cultivo de Papa Lima. 153–162.

Mujica N, Kroschel J. 2011. Leafminer fly (Diptera: Agromyzidae) occurrence, distribution, and parasitoid associations in field and vegetable crops along the Peruvian coast. Environmental Entomology 40: 217–230. https://doi.org/10.1603/EN10170

Mujica N, Kroschel J. 2013. Pest intensity-crop loss relationships for the leaf miner fly Liriomyza huidobrensis (Blanchard) in different potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) varieties. Crop Protection 47: 6–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2012.12.019

Musundire R, Chabi-Olaye A, Kruger K. 2012. Host plant effects on morphometric characteristics of Liriomyza huidobrensis, L. sativae and L. trifolii (Diptera: Agromyzidae). Journal of Applied Entomology 136: 97–108. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0418.2010.01597.x

Noujeim E, Sakr J, Nemer N. 2013. Potential of entomopathogenic nematodes application against Liriomyza huidobrensis Blanchard in Lebanon. IV International Symposium Agrosym. 692–698. https://doi.org/10.7251/agsy1303692n

Ode PJ, Heinz KM. 2002. Host-size-dependent sex ratio theory and improving mass-reared parasitoid sex ratios. Biological Control 24: 31–41.

Oerke EC, Dehne HW. 2004. Safeguarding production losses in major crops and the role of crop protection. Crop Protection 23: 275–285.

Ozawa A, Saito T, Ota M. 2001. Biological control of the American serpentine leafminer, Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess), on tomato in greenhouses by parasitoids. II. Evaluation of biological control by Diglyphus isaea (Walker) and Dacnusa sibirica Telenga in commercial greenhouses. Japanese Journal of Applied Entomology and Zoology 45: 61–74. https://doi.org/10.1303/jjaez.2001.61

Peris-Felipo FJ, Belokobylskij SA. 2016. New South African species of the genus Idiasta Foerster, 1863 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Alysiinae), with a key to the Afrotropical and Malagasy taxa. Zootaxa 4150: 566–570. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4150.5.3

Powell C, Caleca V, Sinno M, Van Staden M, Van Noort S, Rhode C, Van Asch B. 2019. Barcoding of parasitoid wasps (Braconidae and Chalcidoidea) associated with wild and cultivated olives in the Western Cape of South Africa. Genome 62: 183–199.

Rakhshani E, Kazemzadeh S, Starý P, Barahoei H, Kavallieratos NG, Ćetković A, Popović, A, Bodlah I, Tomanović Ž. 2012. Parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) of Northeastern Iran: Aphidiine-aphid-plant associations, key and description of a new species. Journal of Insect Science 12: 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1673/031.012.14301

Rakhshani E. Tomanović Ž, Starý P, Kavallieratos NG, Ilić, M, Stanković SS, Rajabi MN. 2011. Aphidiinae parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) of Macrosiphoniella aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in the western Palaearctic region. Journal of Natural History 45: 2559–2575. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2011.597004

Rauf A, Shepard BM, Johnson MW. 2010. Leaf miners in vegetables, ornamental plants and weeds in Indonesia: surveys of host plants, species composition and parasitoids. International Journal of Pest Management 46: 257–266. https://doi.org/10.1080/09670870050206028

Reitz SR, Gao Y, Lei Z. 2013. Insecticide use and the ecology of invasive Liriomyza leaf miner management. In: Trdan, S. (Ed.) Insecticides – Development of Safer and More Effective Technologies 235–255 pp. https://doi.org/10.5772/53874

Rodríguez-Castañeda G, Macvean C, Cardona C, Hof AR. 2017. What limits the distribution of Liriomyza huidobrensis and its congener Liriomyza sativae in their native niche: when temperature and competition affect species’ distribution range in Guatemala. Journal of Insect Science 17: 88–101. https://doi.org/10.1093/jisesa/iex059

Rondon SI. 2010. The potato tuberworm: a literature review of its biology, ecology, and control. American Journal of Potato Research 87: 149–166. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12230-009-9123-x

Salvo A, Valladares GR. 2007. Leafminer parasitoids and pest management. Ciencia e Investigación Agraria 34: 125–142.

Salvo A, Valladares G. 2009. Plant-related intraspecific size variation in parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Parasitica) of a polyphagous leaf miner (Diptera: Agromyzidae). Environmental Entomology 31: 874–879. https://doi.org/10.1603/0046-225X-31.5.874

Schulze RE, Maharaj M, Warburton ML, Gers CJ, Horan MJC, Kunz RP, Clark DJ. 2008. South African Atlas of Climatology and Agrohydrology. WRC Report No. 1489/1/08. Water Research Commission, Pretoria, 113 pp.

Spencer K. 1990. Host specialization in the world Agromyzidae (Diptera). Series Entomologica 45. Kluwer Academic Publisher, London, United Kingdom.

Shepard BM, Braun SAR. 1998. Seasonal incidence of Liriomyza huidobrensis (Diptera: Agromyzidae) and its parasitoids on vegetables in Indonesia. International Journal of Pest Management 44: 43–47. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/096708798228518

Tibco Software Inc. 2017. Statistica (data analysis software system), version 13.3.

Van der Walt A, Du Plessis H, Van den Berg J. 2009. Infestation of groundnut by the groundnut leafminer, Aproaerema modicella (Deventer) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) and rates of parasitization of this pest in South Africa. Crop Protection 28: 53–56.

Videla M, Valladares G. 2007. Induced resistance against leaf miner eggs by extrusion in young potato plants. International Journal of Pest Management 53: 259–262. https://doi.org/10.1080/09670870701439594

Vincini AM, Carmona DM. 2006. Insectos. In: Caldiz, D.O. (Ed.) Producción, Cosecha y Almacenamiento de Papa en la Argentina. 165–169. McCain Argentina SA – BASF Argentina SA, Buenos Aires.

Visser D, Schoeman AS. 2004. Flight activity patterns of the potato tuber moth, Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). African Entomology 12: 135–139.

Wang X, Liu S, Guo S, Lin W. 1999. Effects of host stages and temperature on population parameters of Oomyzus sokolowskii, a larval-pupal parasitoid of Plutella xylostella. BioControl 44: 391–403. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009912420598

Weintraub PG. 2001. Changes in the dynamics of the leaf miner, Liriomyza huidobrensis, in Israeli potato fields. International Journal of Pest Management 47(2): 95–102. https://doi.org/10.1080/09670870151130516

Weintraub PG, Horowitz AR. 1995. The newest leaf miner pest in Israel, Liriomyza huidobrensis. Phytoparasitica 23: 177–184.

Weintraub G, Horowitz AR. 1998. Effects of translaminar versus conventional insecticides on Liriomyza huidobrensis (Diptera: Agromyzidae) and Diglyphus isaea (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) populations in celery. Journal of Economic Entomology 91: 1180–1185. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/91.5.118

Downloads

Published

2023-05-18

Issue

Section

Articles

How to Cite

1.
Occurrence of the potato leaf miner, Liriomyza huidobrensis (Diptera: Agromyzidae), and parasitoids in potato fields and natural vegetation of the Western Cape province, South Africa. Afr. Entomol. [Internet]. 2023 May 18 [cited 2024 Dec. 11];31. Available from: https://www.africanentomology.com/article/view/10672

Funding data

Most read articles by the same author(s)